Anatomy CLE Credits

The images in this course come from openly licensed sources. Several of those licenses require attribution, and the credits below satisfy that requirement. Each credit also appears on the slide where the image is shown. Credits are grouped by the lesson in which the image appears. Images created by Brandon Diamond, and images generated with an AI tool, carry no third-party rights and are not listed.

Orientation and Terminology

1. Anatomy, physiology and the language of Science

• "Dog in the swimming-pool" by O. G. is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dog_in_the_swimming-pool_(50252434).jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
• "Fish 2009" by Peter Corbett is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fish_2009.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
• "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" by Rembrandt (1632) is in the public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr._Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg
• "Man gripping a rose stem with a bare hand." by Nenad Stojkovic is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_gripping_a_rose_stem_with_a_bare_hand._(51633487236).jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

2. Anatomical position, planes and sections

• "Anatomical position" by Connexions is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomical_position.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Directional Terms" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Directional_Terms.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Regions of Human Body" by Connexions / OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Regions_of_Human_Body.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Planes of Body" by Connexions is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planes_of_Body.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

3. Body cavities, regions and membranes

• "Dorsal Ventral Body Cavities" by Connexions is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dorsal_Ventral_Body_Cavities.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Abdominal Quadrant Regions" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abdominal_Quadrant_Regions.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Serous Membrane" by Connexions is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Serous_Membrane.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Integumentary System

4. Membranes, and what skin actually does

• "501 Structure of the skin" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:501_Structure_of_the_skin.jpg

5. The three layers of skin

• "502 Layers of epidermis" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:502_Layers_of_epidermis.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "503 Epidermis" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:503_Epidermis.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "506 Layers of the Dermis" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:506_Layers_of_the_Dermis.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

6. Skin color and wound healing

• "Wound Healing" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (02)" by jessica raphaela is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exploratory_Laparotomy_Scar_(02).jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

7. Burns – causes, degrees and skin grafts

• "A Little Sunscreen Would Have Helped" by Tony Alter is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Little_Sunscreen_Would_Have_Helped.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
• Figure 5.23 "Calculating the Size of a Burn" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "First-degree burn" by Bejinhan is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First-degree_burn.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "2nd Degree Burn Blisters on Finger 02" by Sir MemeGod is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2nd_Degree_Burn_Blisters_on_Finger_02.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "8-day-old 3rd degree burn" by Craig0927 is licensed under Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:8-day-old-3rd-degree-burn.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
• "Skin Graft on Ankle after Third Degree Burns" by Giftrapped is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skin_Graft_on_Ankle_after_Third_Degree_Burns.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Skeletal System

8. The skeleton – divisions and function

• "701 Axial Skeleton" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:701_Axial_Skeleton-01.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Anatomy & Physiology" by Biga et al. (eCampusOntario) is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0, adapted from OpenStax. Source: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/hhnp4/chapter/7-1-divisions-of-the-skeletal-system/
• "The Vertebral Column" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

9. Bone as living tissue; anatomy of a long bone

• "603 Anatomy of a Long Bone" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:603_Anatomy_of_a_Long_Bone.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "X-ray of grades of tibial epiphysis development" by Wang S, Zheng S, Liu Q, Wang C, Liu M and Su L is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:X-ray_of_grades_of_tibial_epiphysis_development.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "602 Bone Markings" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:602_Bone_Markings.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Anatomy of a Flat Bone" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

10. Cartilage

• "412 Types of Cartilage" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:412_Types_of_Cartilage-new.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

11. Joints – fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

• "904 Fibrous Joints" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:904_Fibrous_Joints.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "906 Cartilaginous Joints" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:906_Cartiliginous_Joints.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Structure of a Synovial Joint" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "908 Bursa" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:908_Bursa.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Three types of osteophytes related to the degenerative spine" by Kushchayev et al., Insights into Imaging (2018), is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_types_of_osteophytes_related_to_the_degenerative_spine.webp License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Osteoarthritis" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

12. The six synovial joints

• "909 Types of Synovial Joints" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:909_Types_of_Synovial_Joints.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

13. Joint movements and the terms for them

• Figure 9.12 "Movements of the Body, Part 1" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• Figure 9.13 "Movements of the Body, Part 2" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• Figures 9.12 and 9.13 "Movements of the Body" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

14. Fractures, fracture repair and osteoporosis

• "Communitive midshaft humeral fracture callus" by Bill Rhodes is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Communitive_midshaft_humeral_fracture_callus.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
• "Metacarpal fracture" by Yossi (he.wikipedia) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metacarpal_fracture.JPG License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "612 Types of Fractures" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:612_Types_of_Fractures.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "613 Stages of Fracture Repair" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:613_Stages_of_Fracture_Repair.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "E. Mellanby, Experimental rickets" by Edward Mellanby / Wellcome Collection is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._Mellanby,_Experimental_rickets._Wellcome_L0000954.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Blausen 0686 Osteoporosis 01" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0686_Osteoporosis_01.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Muscular System

15. Muscle – types, fibers and attachments

• "1015 Types of Contraction" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1015_Types_of_Contraction_new.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "414 Skeletal Smooth Cardiac" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:414_Skeletal_Smooth_Cardiac.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Arm muscles front deep" by Henry Vandyke Carter is licensed under Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arm_muscles_front_deep.png License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
• "The Sarcomere" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

Nervous System

16. How the nervous system is organized

• "1201 Overview of Nervous System" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1201_Overview_of_Nervous_System.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Schematic of autonomic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons" by Alan Sved is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schematic_of_autonomic_preganglionic_and_postganglionic_neurons_including_neurotransmitters.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

17. Neuron anatomy

• "The Neuron" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "The Synapse" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

18. Synapse, myelin, and white vs gray matter

• "The Process of Myelination" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• Figure 1, "Structure of the peripheral nerve", from Malekzadeh H, Otto-Moudry R, Moore AM, "The Role of Vascularization in Nerve Regeneration", Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8395, licensed under CC BY. Source: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/17/8395
• "1202 White and Gray Matter" by OpenStax College is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1202_White_and_Gray_Matter.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

19. Action potentials, MS, and the reflex arc

• "Myelin sheath damage in multiple sclerosis" by Mjeltsch is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myelin_sheath_damage_in_multiple_sclerosis.svg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Long and Short Reflexes" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Monosynaptic reflex arc (knee-jerk)", English labels by Harmony Folse, is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via LibreTexts. Base image dedicated CC0 1.0 by Vera Milova and Lida Milova via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Las_Positas_College/BIO_50%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Zingg)/06%3A_Nervous_System/6.14%3A__Somatic_and_Autonomic_Reflexes

Central Nervous System

20. The cerebrum and its lobes

• "The Cerebrum" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

21. Cerebral cortex and functional areas

• "Types of Cortical Areas" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Broca's and Wernicke's Areas" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Frontal Section of Cerebral Cortex and Basal Nuclei" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

22. Diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum

• "The Diencephalon" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "The Brain Stem" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "The Cerebellum" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

23. Meninges, CSF and the blood-brain barrier

• "Meningeal Layers of Superior Sagittal Sinus" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Severe Hydrocephalus in an 11-month-old child" by Phoenix119 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Severe_Hydrocephalus_seen_in_a_11_months_year_old_child-_2014-05-27_02-01.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "Dural Sinuses and Veins" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

24. Brain trauma, stroke and spinal cord injury

• "Closed Brain Injury Closed Head Injury" by Pitana is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Brain_Injury_Closed_Head_Injury.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Types of Stroke" by Scientific Animations is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Types_of_Stroke.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Spinal cord details" by Sheryl Tan, L. Faull and A. Curtis is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinal_cord_details.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• "Cross-section of Spinal Cord" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Human caudal spinal cord, anterior view" by John A. Beal, PhD is licensed under CC BY 2.5. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_caudal_spinal_cord_anterior_view_description.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
• "Lumbar Puncture" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0617_LumbarPuncture.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Vertebral column (Gray 111, coloured)" by Henry Vandyke Carter; colouring by Uwe Gille is licensed under Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png License: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-old-100-expired

Peripheral Nervous System

25. The PNS and sensory receptors

• "Nerve Structure" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Receptor Classification by Cell Type" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

26. Nerves, plexuses and dermatomes

• "The Cranial Nerves" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Nerve Plexuses of the Body" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Dermatomes" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

27. The autonomic nervous system and referred pain

• "Sympathetic Connections and Chain Ganglia" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Connections of Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Connections of Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Referred Pain Chart" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

Blood

28. What blood is made of; red cells and anemia

• "Red Blood Cell" by Arek Socha is licensed under CC0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Blood_Cell.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
• "Composition of Blood" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Hemoglobin" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Shape of Red Blood Cells" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

29. White blood cells

• "Granular Leukocytes" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Emigration" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Eosinophils in peripheral blood" by Ed Uthman, MD is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eosinophils_in_peripheral_blood.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

30. Platelets and clotting

• "Platelets" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Hemostasis" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Blood clot diagram" by Persian Poet Gal is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_clot_diagram.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "3D Medical Animation still shot Pulmonary Embolism" by Scientific Animations is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_Medical_Animation_still_shot_Pulmonary_Embolism.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Cardiovascular System

31. Where the heart sits; pericardium and pericarditis

• "Position of the Heart in the Thorax" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "External Anatomy of the Heart" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Serous Membrane" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Pericarditis and cardiac tamponade" by Scientific Animations is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pericarditis_can_progress_to_pericardial_effusion_and_eventually_cardiac_tamponade.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

32. Heart walls and chambers

• "Pericardial Membranes and Layers of the Heart Wall" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Heart Musculature" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Muscolopapillarex" by E. Faccio and P. Saccheri is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscolopapillarex.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "Internal Structures of the Heart" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Dual System of the Human Blood Circulation" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

33. Blood flow and the cardiac cycle

• "Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Myocardial infarction" by Tomáš Kebert & umimeto.org is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myocardial_infarction.svg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Heart Valves" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Overview of the Cardiac Cycle" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology

34. Blood vessels from artery to vein

• "Types of Arteries and Arterioles" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Atherosclerosis" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Capillary Bed" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Comparison of Veins and Venules" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

35. Blood pressure and pulses

• "Systemic Blood Pressure" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Pulse Sites" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology

Respiratory System

36. The airway – nose to bronchi

• "Major Respiratory Structures" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Larynx" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Vocal Cords" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Trachea" from "Anatomy and Physiology" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology
• "Tracheostomy" by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) is licensed under Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tracheostomy_NIH.jpg License: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-USGov-HHS-NIH

37. Lungs and pleurae

• "Gross Anatomy of the Lungs" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Parietal and Visceral Pleurae of the Lungs" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Pleurisy" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pleurisy.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Respiratory Zone" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e

38. Respiratory diseases

• "Atelectasis: Normal vs Affected Airway" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atelectasis_Normal_vs_Affected_Airway.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Pneumothorax" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0742_Pneumothorax.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Cynosis" by James Heilman, MD is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cynosis.JPG License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
• "Emphysema" by Blausen Medical Communications, Inc. is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0343_Emphysema.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Lungs: Normal vs Inflamed Airway" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0620_Lungs_NormalvsInflamedAirway.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• "Lung diagram – tumor surgeries" by Ajpolino is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lung_diagram_-_tumor_surgeries.png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Digestive System

39. Digestive system

• "Components of the Digestive System" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "The Peritoneum" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Gray 1035" by Henry Vandyke Carter is licensed under Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray1035.png License: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-old

Urinary System

40. Urinary system

• "Urinary System (Female)" by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urinary_System_(Female).png License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• "Blood Flow in the Kidney" from "Anatomy and Physiology 2e" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e
• "Urinary retention" by Frivadossi is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urinary_retention.jpg License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/